Cartesian coordinates describe the x, y and z position of an object (often in Euclidean geometries). However, for non-Euclidean planes, coordinates () Where is the distance from the point of interest to the origin, a vector, . The variable is the angle between the vector and the z-axis. The variable is the angle and the plane and the -axis. Note that sometimes, and are swapped.
x^2 + y^2 +z^2 = r^2 \\ x = r\sin \theta \cos \theta \\ y = r\sin \theta \sin \theta \\ z = r\cos\theta \end{gather} $$ ![[Pasted image 20241019162911.png]]